Review on Leishmaniasis
Gaurav Verma
Department of Microbiology, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
Subham R. Nayak *
Department of Microbiology, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
Nikhar Gupta
Department of Microbiology, Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India.
Ratindra Bisht
All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikash, Uttrakhand, India.
Snigdha Tripathy
Department of Microbiology, Vikash Multispecialty Hospital, Bargarh, Odisha, India.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Leishmaniasis disease is caused by parasites and its spread by the bite of different types of sand flies. The genus Leishmania is named after the death Sir William Leishman, who discovered the flagellate protozoa which is the causative agent of Kala-azar, the Indian visceral leishmaniasis (VL). On clinical symptoms they have three species: Cutaneous leishmaniasis, visceral leishmaniasis and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis. This infection diagnosis is based on the severity of the condition. In comparison to two other types of leishmaniasis, cutaneous leishmaniasis is not more dangerous. The treatment's effectiveness varies depending on the type of resistance pattern and the infecting species. The lack of a vaccination for human leishmaniasis may be due to a lack of funding in this neglected parasitic disease.
Keywords: Leishmania, leishmaniasis, donovani, visceral leishmaniasis, vector-born disease, kala-azar, old world leishmaniasis, dumdum fever, sand fly, black fever