Acute Toxoplasmosis among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Clinic in Kaduna State
I. U. Edward *
Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medical Laboratory Science, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto State, North Western, Nigeria.
G. Ibrahim
Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medical Laboratory Science, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto State, North Western, Nigeria.
M. Kabiru
Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medical Laboratory Science, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto State, North Western, Nigeria.
E. I. Ikeh
Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medical Laboratory Science, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto State, North Western, Nigeria.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Introduction: Acute infection of Toxoplasma gondii can be transmitted during pregnancy to the foetus vertically which may cause congenital complications like abortion, stillbirth, visual impairment, seizure, hearing impairment and neurological disorders.
Methodology: A total of 357 pregnant women were screened using ELISA method for acute Toxoplasma gondii (IgM).
Result: The investigation however shows a prevalence of 2.8% (IgM). Ages 16-20 and 26-30 years have the highest prevalence of 3(0.8%) positive. While ages 21-25 and 31-35 years have prevalence of 2(0.6%) positive. However ages 36-40 years are all negative. (p> 0.05).This did not show any statistical significant with the age groups. Northern Senatorial zone has the highest prevalence of 8(2.6%) followed by the Central Senatorial zone with 2(0.2%) while the Southern zone shows no acute Toxoplasmosis,(p <0.05) hence it shows statistical significant. Women in their second trimesters have the highest prevalence of 7(2.0%) followed by first trimesters with prevalence of 2(0.6%) and third trimester with prevalence of 1(0.2%) positive, however it is not statistical significant (p > 0.05).
Conclusion: Therefore the chance of acquiring acute infection of T. gondii is possible during pregnancy and would have potential tragic outcomes for the mother and new-born despite the fact that it can be prevented. The need for aggressive awareness and necessary facilities available for screening of T. gondii during antenatal clinic is necessary.
Keywords: Toxoplasmosis, IgM, serum, trimesters