Diagnosis of Acute Bacterial Meningitis by PCR and the Problem of Isolating the Causative Bacterial Agents by Culture in Burkina Faso
I. Tondé *
Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Charles De Gaulle, Burkina Faso and Joseph Ki-Zerbo University, Burkina Faso.
J. Tranchot-Diallo
Centre Muraz, Institut National de Santé Public (INSP), Burkina Faso and Nazi Boni University, Burkina Faso.
D. Kambiré
Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Burkina Faso.
A. Ky-Ba
Joseph Ki-Zerbo University, Burkina Faso and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de District Bogodogo, Burkina Faso.
M. Tamboura
Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Charles De Gaulle, Burkina Faso.
D. O. Kaboré
Nazi Boni University, Burkina Faso and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sanon-Sourou, Burkina Faso.
R. Paré
Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Charles De Gaulle, Burkina Faso.
F. Aké
CDC Foundation, Davycas. Burkina Faso.
M. Zongo
Direction de la protection de la santé de la population (DPSP), Burkina Faso.
M. Sanou
Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Charles De Gaulle, Burkina Faso and Joseph Ki-Zerbo University, Burkina Faso.
M. Salou
Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Lomé, Togo.
A. S. Ouédraogo
Nazi Boni University, Burkina Faso and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sanon-Sourou, Burkina Faso.
I. Sanou
Joseph Ki-Zerbo University, Burkina Faso and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Tengandogo, Burkina Faso.
L. Sangaré
Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Yalgado Ouédraogo, Burkina Faso and Joseph Ki-Zerbo University, Burkina Faso.
R. Ouédraogo-Traoré
Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Charles De Gaulle, Burkina Faso and Joseph Ki-Zerbo University, Burkina Faso.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
In Burkina Faso, meningitis is epidemic, pneumococcus, meningococcus and Haemophilus influenzae are the most implicated. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of ABM characterized by PCR and culture in order to highlight the low yield of the culture. This is a prospective study on 26 health districts of surveillance between 2016 and 2019. The CSF sent were cultured, treated by direct PCR, i.e. from CSF without DNA extraction at the National Meningitis Reference Laboratory of Burkina Faso and at the CDC Atlanta. Several series of direct PCR were carried out for species diagnosis (lytA, sodC and hpd), serotyping of meningococcus and serotyping of pneumococcus (capsular genes) and Haemophilus influenzae (capsular genes). Two thousand eight hundred and forty-five (2,845) CSF were treated with 701 positives and a positivity rate of 24.75%. Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae represent respectively 39.2%, 51.9% and 8.9%. The strains of Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae were sensitive to antibiotics except 3 strains of Neisseria meningitidis, resistant to oxacillin. There is a drop in the positivity rate compared to previous years. Pneumococcus remains in the lead with serotype 1 (more than 50%) despite the introduction of PCV13.
Keywords: Burkina Faso, CSF, Haemophilus influenzae, meningitis, meningococcus, pneumococcus