Bacteriological Evaluation of Surface and Groundwater used for Domestic Purposes in Ibadan
Ajongbolo Olayinka Abigail *
Department of Environmental Microbiology, Lead City University Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria.
K.O. Adediran
Department of Microbiology, Lead City University Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria.
Morakinyo Abraham Adebambo
Department of Medical Microbiology, Federal Medical Centre, Keffi, Nasarawa State, Nigeria.
Abass Falilat Abeo
Department of Microbiology, National Biotechnology Development Agency, Nigeria.
Ezekiel Dauda Gambo
Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Igbinedion University, Okada, Edo State, Nigeria.
Paul Yiran Ntasin
Department of Immunology, School of Medical Laboratory Science, Usmanu Dan Fodiyo University Sokoto, Nigeria.
Adamu Muhammad Ibrahim
Department of Immunology, School of Medical Laboratory Science, Usmanu Dan Fodiyo University Sokoto, Nigeria and Department of Medical Laboratory, General Hospital Babura, Jigawa State, Nigeria.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
The right to safe and clean drinking water is a human right, unfortunately many communities rely on unsafe and contaminated water for drinking and domestic purposes. Through improper sewage and hospital waste disposal, pathogenic and antibiotic resistant bacteria have found their way to natural water sources used by humans. In this study we aim to profile pathogenic bacteria and resistant Escherichia coli (E. coli) from surface and ground water sources in three local government areas of Oyo state. 30 water samples were collected randomly from the selected local government areas. Bacteriological, biochemical and antibiotic-resistant analysis was carried out on the isolated bacteria from the water samples. E. coli (28.30%) and Kleb pneumoniae (23.77%) were the predominant bacteria isolates, while Shigella (16.22%) and Salmonella (16.22%) also had substantial percentages. Nineteen E. coli was isolated and identified, with high antibiotic resistance rates observed in nalidixic Acid (100%), augmentin (100%), ampiclox (94.74%) and third-generation cephalosporins. Conversely, moderate levels of resistance were observed in nitrofurantoin (55.55%), cefepime (57.89%), and second-generation fluoroquinolones. This study reveals substantial pathogenic bacteria and antibiotic resistant E. coli in water samples which endangers the health of communities’ dependent on these water sources and exposes the inhabitants to antibiotic-resistant organisms from contaminated water used for domestic purposes. It is crucial to put in place water treatment measures and quality monitoring programmes in order to guarantee that the populace has access to clean and safe drinking water.
Keywords: Contaminated water, Escherichia coli, antibiotic resistance, Ibadan