Clinical and Biological Profile of Newly Diagnosed HIV-Positive Adults in the Era of Test and Treat and UNAIDS' 95-95-95 Targets in Burkina Faso
Lassane ZOUNGRANA *
Department of Internal Medicine, Day Hospital, Yalgado Ouedraogo University Hospital Center, Health Sciences Training and Research Unit (UFR/SDS), Joseph KI-ZERBO University, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
Arsène AG OUEDRAOGO
Department of Infectious Diseases, Yalgado Ouedraogo University Hospital Center, Health Sciences Training and Research Unit (UFR/SDS), Joseph KI-ZERBO University, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
Souade F. DJIMA
Health Sciences Training and Research Unit (UFR/SDS) of University Saint Thomas D’aquin (USTA), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
Solo TRAORE
Department of Internal Medicine, Regional University Hospital Center of Ouahigouya, Health Sciences Training and Research Unit (UFR/SDS), Lédéa Bernard OUÉDRAOGO University, Ouahigouya, Burkina Faso.
Adébayo ALASSANI
Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine, University of Parakou, Benin.
Christèle NJ OUEDRAOGO
Department of Internal Medicine, Day Hospital, Yalgado Ouedraogo University Hospital Center, Health Sciences Training and Research Unit (UFR/SDS), Joseph KI-ZERBO University, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
Lassina SERE
Department of Internal Medicine, Tengandogo University Hospital Center, Health Sciences Training and Research Unit (UFR/SDS), Joseph KI-ZERBO University, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
Ismaël DIALLO
Department of Infectious Diseases, Yalgado Ouedraogo University Hospital Center, Health Sciences Training and Research Unit (UFR/SDS), Joseph KI-ZERBO University, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Introduction: Since its discovery in 1983, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has remained a major public health problem worldwide, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, despite the "Test and Treat" strategy to achieve the 95-95-95 targets set by UNAIDS.
Objective: The present study determines the profile of newly diagnosed HIV patients in the era of Test and Treat in the context of Burkina Faso.
Materials and Methods: A descriptive, retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on the records of adults who tested positive for HIV between January 1 and December 31, 2023, at the Yalgado Ouédraogo University Hospital Center.
Results: A total of 204 PLHIV records were collected. The average age was 41.18 ± 1.86 years, with a predominance of women and a sex ratio of 0.82. The majority were married (57.8%). The main non-HIV-related comorbidities were high blood pressure and diabetes, while HIV-related comorbidities were dominated by tuberculosis, prurigo, and shingles. HIV-1 accounted for 89.2% of cases. Voluntary screening (51.9%) and suspicion (31.9%) were the most common circumstances of discovery. Although WHO clinical stage 1 predominated (60.8%), advanced immunosuppression was observed in 9.3% at diagnosis. The average time to initiation of antiretroviral therapy was 11.18±4.74 days, and 91.7% of patients received the TDF/3TC/DTG protocol. After one year of follow-up, virological suppression was achieved in 94.3% of patients, but 30.9% of patients were lost to follow-up.
Conclusion: The profile of newly diagnosed HIV patients is characterized by a predominance of married, middle-aged individuals, late diagnosis, a short delay in starting antiretroviral therapy, and a high rate of loss to follow-up, thus compromising the achievement of the 95-95-95 targets. However, these results should be interpreted with caution given the retrospective, single-center nature of the study and the limited sample size and sub-populations.
Keywords: Profile, new PLHIV, test and treat, Burkina Faso